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A computational model for expiratory flow

R K Lambert, T A Wilson, R E Hyatt

    Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A new mathematical model predicts maximal expiratory flow by integrating airway pressure and area. It accurately simulates airflow for both air and helium, validating its physiological relevance.

    Area of Science:

    • Pulmonary Physiology
    • Respiratory Mechanics
    • Mathematical Modeling

    Background:

    • Maximal expiratory flow (MEF) is a critical measure of lung function.
    • Understanding the determinants of MEF is essential for diagnosing and managing respiratory diseases.
    • Previous models have limitations in fully capturing the complex interplay of factors influencing MEF.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a comprehensive mathematical model of maximal expiratory flow.
    • To elucidate the primary mechanisms governing MEF at different lung volumes.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a mathematical model integrating pressure loss and airway pressure-area behavior.
    • Utilized Weibel's bronchial anatomy and mechanical properties from excised human lungs.

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  • Validated model predictions against experimental data from five human lungs.

    • Main Results:

    • The model accurately predicts maximal expiratory flow for both air and helium.
    • Model predictions align with established density and viscosity dependencies of MEF.
    • Identified wave-speed mechanism as dominant at high/mid lung volumes and viscous losses at low volumes.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed mathematical model provides a robust framework for understanding MEF.
    • Wave-speed and viscous pressure losses are key determinants of MEF, varying with lung volume.
    • This model can aid in the study of respiratory mechanics and disease.