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Ascorbic acid absorption in humans: a comparison among several dosage forms

S Yung, M Mayersohn, J B Robinson

    Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
    |March 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Human ascorbic acid absorption varies significantly between individuals and dosage forms. Poor absorption may impact clinical trial results, necessitating consideration of individual variability in vitamin C uptake.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Human Physiology
    • Nutritional Science

    Background:

    • Limited research exists on human ascorbic acid (vitamin C) absorption efficiency.
    • Individual differences in absorption may influence clinical trial outcomes.
    • Understanding ascorbic acid bioavailability is crucial for accurate health research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the absorption efficiency of ascorbic acid from various oral dosage forms in humans.
    • To assess intersubject variability in ascorbic acid bioavailability.
    • To determine the impact of different formulations on vitamin C absorption.

    Main Methods:

    • Four human subjects received 1g doses of ascorbic acid via intravenous, solution, tablet, chewable tablet, and timed-release capsule.

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  • Urinary recovery of ascorbic acid and its metabolites was measured to assess absorption.
  • Comparison of absorption rates across different oral delivery systems.

    • Main Results:

    • Intravenous administration showed ~85% recovery, indicating baseline bioavailability.
    • Oral solution and tablet forms resulted in approximately 30% absorption.
    • Timed-release capsules demonstrated the lowest absorption, with ~14% recovery.
    • Significant intersubject variation was observed, identifying 'good' and 'poor' absorbers.

    Conclusions:

    • Ascorbic acid absorption efficiency varies considerably among individuals and oral dosage forms.
    • Timed-release capsules showed poor bioavailability compared to solutions and standard tablets.
    • The extent of ascorbic acid absorption should be considered in the design and interpretation of clinical trials.