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Polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in bacterial and viral infections

C O Solberg, T Kalager, H R Hill

    Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) function, measured by chemiluminescence (CL) and migration, is often heightened in bacterial infections but reduced in viral infections. Impaired PMNL function in bacterial cases correlates with poorer outcomes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Cellular Biology

    Background:

    • Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) are crucial immune cells involved in pathogen defense.
    • Chemiluminescence (CL) production and cell migration are key indicators of PMNL function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate PMNL function, specifically CL production and migration capacity, in patients with bacterial and viral infections.
    • To determine if altered PMNL function correlates with disease severity and patient outcomes.

    Main Methods:

    • Chemiluminescence (CL) production was measured in PMNLs from 63 bacterial infection patients and 63 controls.
    • PMNL migration (directed and spontaneous) was assessed in 39 bacterial infection patients.
    • CL production and migration were also evaluated in 16 viral infection patients and 16 controls.

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  • Correlation with clinical data, including mortality, was analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • Bacterial infection patients generally showed higher CL production than controls, though 6 patients had reduced function, associated with severe infections and higher mortality.
    • PMNL migration varied, with some bacterial patients exhibiting enhanced capacity and others reduced capacity, with low migration linked to mortality.
    • Viral infection patients consistently displayed lower CL production and migration capacity compared to controls.
    • Reduced PMNL function in bacterial infections was linked to immature myeloid cells in peripheral blood.

    Conclusions:

    • The majority of bacterial infections involve normal or enhanced PMNL function, but a subset with reduced function faces poorer prognosis.
    • Viral infections are typically associated with impaired PMNL function.
    • Altered PMNL function, particularly reduction, may play a significant role in the outcome of infectious diseases.