The compartmental syndrome: a serious complication of acute rhabdomyolysis

The compartmental syndrome is not a rare complication of non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis. Early recognition and prompt surgical decompression of the affected area are essential. We feel that a lack of familiarity with the syndrome among nephrologists may contribute to delay in diagnosis and treatment and reduce the chances for functional neuromuscular recovery. Our experience with three cases following overdosage of alcohol (case 1), barbiturates (case 2) and a mixture of alcohol and sedatives (case 3) is reported. The pathogenesis, symptomatology and treatment of the compartmental syndrome in this setting are discussed.