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Straddling mitral and tricuspid valves: morphologic differences and developmental backgrounds

A C Wenink, A C Gittenberger-de Groot

    The American Journal of Cardiology
    |June 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Straddling mitral and tricuspid valves result from septal defects during embryonic development. These congenital heart conditions involve abnormal valve positioning due to malformations in the atrial and ventricular septa.

    Area of Science:

    • Congenital Heart Disease
    • Embryonic Development
    • Cardiac Anatomy

    Background:

    • Straddling atrioventricular valves are rare congenital heart defects.
    • These defects involve abnormal positioning of the mitral or tricuspid valve into the contralateral ventricle.
    • Understanding the underlying septal malformations is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the detailed cardiac anatomy in hearts with straddling mitral or tricuspid valves.
    • To elucidate the relationship between septal malalignment and valve straddling.
    • To investigate the developmental origins of these cardiac malformations.

    Main Methods:

    • Anatomical description of 25 hearts with straddling atrioventricular valves.
    • Analysis of atrial and ventricular septal alignment.

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  • Comparison with normal embryonic heart development stages.

    • Main Results:

    • Straddling tricuspid valve is associated with malalignment of atrial and ventricular septa, creating an inlet septal defect.
    • Straddling mitral valve is linked to infundibular septal defects, primarily of the malalignment type.
    • Valve formation occurs after ventricular septation, suggesting valve malformations are secondary to septal defects.

    Conclusions:

    • Septal malformations, specifically malseptation in the inlet or outlet portions of the embryonic heart, are the primary cause of straddling atrioventricular valves.
    • The observed valve abnormalities are superimposed on these underlying septal defects.
    • This study clarifies the developmental basis of straddling valves, linking them to specific septal developmental errors.