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Related Experiment Videos

Structure and function of specific regions in the canine atrioventricular node

W T Woods, L Sherf, T N James

    The American Journal of Physiology
    |July 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers explored the canine atrioventricular (AV) node using arterial perfusion and microelectrodes. They found distinct functional regions, with the distal AV node exhibiting slowest conduction and originating most AV junctional rhythms.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular Physiology
    • Cardiac Electrophysiology
    • Comparative Anatomy

    Background:

    • Detailed functional subregions of the rabbit atrioventricular (AV) node are known.
    • The normal canine AV node has not been as rigorously studied.
    • Understanding canine AV node function is crucial for comparative cardiac research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To anatomically and functionally characterize the isolated canine AV node.
    • To investigate the electrophysiological properties of different AV node regions.
    • To correlate structural findings with functional observations in the canine AV node.

    Main Methods:

    • Excised atria and AV junctional tissues from 20 young dogs.
    • Selective arterial perfusion of sinus node, AV node, and His bundle.

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  • Recording of AV node action potentials using beveled microelectrodes.
  • Anatomic studies including electron microscopy.

    • Main Results:

    • Canine AV node action potentials resemble those of the rabbit AV node.
    • Slow conduction observed in the AV node (56 +/- 7 mm/s), slowest in the distal region (16 +/- 14 mm/s).
    • Distal AV node showed diastolic depolarization and slowest action potential upstroke velocity.
    • Proximal AV node composed of transitional cells; distal AV node contained transitional cells and P-cells.
    • Numerous long gap junctions found between proximal AV node cells.

    Conclusions:

    • The canine AV node exhibits distinct functional subregions.
    • The proximal AV node appears organized for atrial input triage.
    • Large gap junctions in the proximal AV node may facilitate electrotonic interaction.
    • The distal AV node is the site of slowest conduction and origin for most AV junctional rhythms.