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Closed loop problems in biomechanics. Part II--an optimization approach

C L Vaughan, J G Hay, J G Andrews

    Journal of Biomechanics
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

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    This study presents a new mathematical optimization method to solve indeterminate biomechanical problems involving closed loops in the human body. The approach successfully predicts reaction forces, suggesting the neuromuscular system minimizes muscular effort.

    Area of Science:

    • Biomechanics
    • Human Movement Analysis
    • Mathematical Modeling

    Background:

    • Closed-loop problems in biomechanics arise from body self-contact or interaction with external systems.
    • These problems are often indeterminate due to more unknowns than equations.
    • Existing methods for solving these issues are inaccurate, non-general, and force transducing devices have drawbacks.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a general procedure for solving biomechanical closed-loop problems.
    • To demonstrate the application of this new procedure.
    • To validate the effectiveness and generalizability of the proposed method.

    Main Methods:

    • A mathematical optimization approach was employed.
    • The procedure was applied to analyze three distinct closed-loop scenarios: stair climbing, vertical jumping, and cartwheeling.

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    Main Results:

    • The method effectively predicted horizontal and vertical reaction forces at distal segments.
    • Challenges remain in precisely determining the application points of these forces.
    • Results indicate the human neuromuscular system may minimize joint torques and muscular effort.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed procedure is a reasonably successful method for analyzing biomechanical closed-loop problems.
    • The findings support the hypothesis of neuromuscular effort minimization.
    • For validation, force devices on each distal segment interacting with external systems are beneficial.
    • The optimization method is generalizable to all types of closed-loop biomechanical problems.