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Losses, Hostility, and depression

G A Fava, R Kellner, F Munari

    The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
    |August 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Hostility is linked to major depression in some patients, particularly those without reported losses. For many, depression and hostility appear as separate emotional states.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychiatry
    • Clinical Psychology

    Background:

    • Major depression is a common mood disorder.
    • The relationship between depression and hostility requires further investigation.
    • Previous research suggests hostility may be present in a subset of depressed individuals.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the association between hostility and major depression.
    • To explore whether life events, specifically losses, influence this association.
    • To determine if depression and hostility are independent affects in some patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Forty outpatients with recent-onset unipolar major depression and a matched control group were assessed.
    • The Kellner Symptom Questionnaire's hostility scale was administered.
    • Depression severity was rated using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Life events were recorded via a structured interview.

    • Main Results:

    • An association between hostility and depression was found in a subgroup of patients who had not reported losses.
    • No such association was observed in depressed patients who had reported losses.
    • A significant proportion of depressed patients exhibited hostility and depression as independent affects.

    Conclusions:

    • Hostility is not universally associated with major depression; it is primarily linked to a specific subgroup.
    • The presence or absence of reported losses may mediate the relationship between depression and hostility.
    • Depression and hostility can manifest as independent emotional states in a substantial number of patients.