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Renal changes in selenium-exposed fish

E M Sorensen, C W Harlan, J S Bell

    The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology
    |June 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Green sunfish exposed to high selenium levels in Texas lakes developed kidney damage, including inflammation and tubular cell death. This highlights the toxic effects of environmental selenium on aquatic life.

    Area of Science:

    • Environmental toxicology
    • Aquatic biology
    • Histopathology

    Background:

    • Selenium is an essential trace element but can be toxic at elevated concentrations.
    • Aquatic ecosystems can accumulate high levels of selenium from various sources.
    • Green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) are common freshwater fish that can bioaccumulate contaminants.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the histopathological and ultrastructural effects of chronic selenium exposure on green sunfish kidneys.
    • To compare kidney pathology in fish from a selenium-rich lake with those from a control lake.

    Main Methods:

    • Collection of green sunfish from a selenium-rich lake and a control lake in east Texas.
    • Analysis of kidney tissues using histopathological and ultrastructural examination.

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  • Quantification of selenium levels in fish kidneys.

    • Main Results:

    • Fish from the selenium-rich lake had significantly higher kidney selenium concentrations (average 11 ppm).
    • Histopathology revealed proliferative glomerulonephritis and hematuria in fish from the selenium-rich lake.
    • Ultrastructural analysis showed vacuolation and necrosis of convoluted tubule cells in exposed fish.

    Conclusions:

    • Elevated environmental selenium levels in east Texas lakes cause significant kidney damage in green sunfish.
    • The observed kidney pathologies indicate a toxicological impact of selenium on renal function in this species.
    • This study underscores the importance of monitoring selenium levels in aquatic environments to protect fish health.