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Visual backward masking of selected visemes

A D Teigland, W R Wilson

    Journal of Speech and Hearing Research
    |June 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Visual speech perception, or speechreading, involves recognizing lip movements (visemes). This study found that brief visual stimuli are subject to backward masking, suggesting a short-term storage process for lip postures, and challenging single-viseme training methods.

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    Area of Science:

    • Auditory and Visual Perception
    • Speech Processing
    • Cognitive Psychology

    Background:

    • Speechreading relies on visual cues from lip movements (visemes).
    • Understanding the temporal dynamics of viseme recognition is crucial for speech perception.
    • Previous research has not fully elucidated the temporal processing limits of viseme recognition.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effect of exposure duration on the discrimination of visemes.
    • To examine the impact of backward masking on viseme recognition.
    • To determine the temporal requirements for the initial stages of visual speech processing.

    Main Methods:

    • Five adults with normal vision and hearing viewed tachistoscopically presented photographs of phonemes.
    • Experiment 1 varied exposure duration (12-44 msec) to assess viseme discrimination.
    • Experiments 2 and 3 used masking stimuli of varying durations to evaluate backward recognition masking effects.
    • Experiment 4 manipulated the inter-stimulus interval (ISI) between test and masking stimuli.

    Main Results:

    • Viseme recognition was dependent on exposure duration, with some lip postures showing a direct relationship.
    • Backward masking occurred when the masking stimulus was at least as long as the test stimulus.
    • Delaying the masker via ISI did not improve recognition scores.
    • Recognition performance was affected by the temporal characteristics of visual speech stimuli.

    Conclusions:

    • Lip posture recognition is susceptible to backward masking, with varying degrees of effect.
    • The processing of lip postures involves a short-term storage mechanism.
    • Initial visual speech perceptual processing requires more than 37 msec.
    • Findings suggest that training based on single visemes may not be optimal for speechreading.

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