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[Changes in the lungs in diabetes mellitus]
Abstract:
Morphological examinations in the lungs in patients with diabetes mellitus of different degrees of severity and duration (28 autopsy observations) were carried out. Diabetic microangiopathy in the lungs was found to involve the capillaries of alveolar septa and arterioles as well as pleural arterioles, and is manifested by plasmorrhagia, insudation, thickening of basal membranes and hyalinosis of the vessels. Moreover, intraseptal nodules, granulomas in small artery walls, focal proteinosis develop in the lungs followed by sclerosis of the microcirculatory bed vessels and centrilobular emphysema. All these comprise a favourable background for the development of pneumonias which, along with pulmonary-cardiac insufficiency are one of the most frequent causes of death of patients with diabetes mellitus.
Insights
Diabetes mellitus causes lung microangiopathy, leading to complications like pneumonia and heart failure. These lung changes significantly increase mortality risk in diabetic patients.
Area of Science:
- Pathology
- Pulmonology
- Endocrinology
Context:
- Diabetes mellitus is a systemic disease with significant pulmonary manifestations.
- Autopsy studies provide crucial insights into the long-term effects of diabetes on organ systems.
Purpose:
- To investigate the morphological changes in the lungs of patients with varying degrees of diabetes mellitus.
- To identify the specific vascular and parenchymal alterations in the diabetic lung.
Summary:
- Diabetic microangiopathy affects lung capillaries, arterioles, and pleural vessels, causing plasmorrhagia, basal membrane thickening, and hyalinosis.
- Intraseptal nodules, granulomas, focal proteinosis, microcirculatory sclerosis, and centrilobular emphysema are observed.
- These pathological changes create a predisposition to pneumonia and pulmonary-cardiac insufficiency, common causes of death.
Impact:
- Highlights the critical role of pulmonary complications in diabetes mellitus mortality.
- Underscores the need for pulmonary monitoring in diabetic patients.
- Provides a basis for understanding the pathogenesis of diabetic lung disease.