Testicular relapse in acute childhood leukemia

The successful induction and maintenance of hematologic remission in childhood acute leukemia has led to the recognition of extramedullary leukemia as a major clinical problem [1-6]. The central nervous system is the most common site of extramedullary relapse [1,7-12]. A more recently recognized form of extramedullary relapse is the testis [13-22]. This paper will review a series of patients with childhood acute leukemia who suffered testicular relapse. Modes of therapy for testicular relapse and research conducted into the etiology of testicular relapse will be discussed.