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Related Experiment Videos

Starch digestion in fowl

E T Moran

    Poultry Science
    |July 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Starch, a key energy source in feed, is efficiently digested by avian alpha-amylase. Processing methods like heat and moisture improve starch digestibility, minimizing issues in poultry diets.

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    Area of Science:

    • Animal Nutrition
    • Biochemistry
    • Feed Science

    Background:

    • Starch is the primary nutrient providing metabolizable energy in animal feed.
    • Starch's structure, composed of amylose and amylopectin in granular form, influences its digestibility.
    • Plant source affects starch granule size and stability, with grains typically having less stable granules than tubers or legumes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explain the digestibility of starch in poultry.
    • To identify factors affecting starch digestion and potential challenges.
    • To highlight the role of processing and enzyme availability in nutrient utilization.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of starch composition (amylose, amylopectin) and plant sources.
    • Analysis of avian pancreatic alpha-amylase function and products of starch digestion.
    • Evaluation of factors influencing granule stability and enzyme access, including heat and moisture treatment.

    Main Results:

    • Pancreatic alpha-amylase is the sole enzyme in fowl for starch digestion, producing maltose, maltotriose, and alpha-limit dextrins.
    • Starch granule stability, influenced by polymer composition and crystallization, limits enzyme access.
    • Heat and moisture treatment (gelatinization) destabilize starch granules, enhancing digestibility.

    Conclusions:

    • Poultry possess adequate pancreatic alpha-amylase at hatch for starch digestion.
    • Gelatinization, enzyme adequacy, grain-based starch predominance, and lack of inhibitors contribute to minimal practical starch digestion issues in poultry.
    • Understanding starch structure and processing is crucial for optimizing energy utilization in feed.

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