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Jimson weed seed toxicity in cattle
Veterinary and Human Toxicology
|October 1, 1982
Summary
Jimson weed seed contamination in cattle feed is unlikely to cause death unless ingested in high amounts. Toxicity is self-limiting, with cattle showing atropine toxicity signs at high seed concentrations.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Toxicology
- Ruminant Nutrition
- Plant Toxicology
Background:
- Jimson weed (Datura stramonium) seeds contain toxic alkaloids.
- Accidental ingestion of contaminated feed is a concern for livestock producers.
- Understanding toxicity thresholds and physiological responses in cattle is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the toxicity and effects of Jimson weed seed contamination in cattle feed.
- To determine the dose-response relationship for Jimson weed seed ingestion.
- To assess the impact on rumen function and fermentation.
Main Methods:
- A 14-day subacute feeding experiment with cattle.
- Inclusion of varying concentrations of Jimson weed seeds in feed.
- Analysis of rumen fluid volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations.
- In vitro digestibility (IVDMD) assays.
Main Results:
- Death was rare unless feed contamination exceeded 0.09% of body weight or was force-fed.
- Rumen atony and anorexia acted as self-limiting factors for toxicity.
- Atropine toxicity signs were observed at 881 seeds/kg feed or higher.
- Increased Jimson weed seed concentration correlated with VFA concentration changes and tended to increase VFA values in vitro.
Conclusions:
- Jimson weed seed toxicity in cattle is generally self-limiting due to physiological responses.
- Specific contamination levels can induce atropine toxicity and alter rumen fermentation.
- Careful feed management is necessary to prevent significant intoxication in cattle.