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Face recognition by monkeys: absence of an inversion effect

C Bruce

    Neuropsychologia
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Macaque monkeys did not show a face inversion effect in visual learning tasks. This suggests monkeys may lack the specialized brain mechanisms for face recognition seen in humans.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Primate Cognition
    • Visual Perception

    Background:

    • Human face recognition exhibits an "inversion effect," where upside-down faces are harder to recognize.
    • This effect is linked to a specialized, orientation-dependent face recognition mechanism in the human brain, particularly the right hemisphere.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate whether macaque monkeys exhibit a face inversion effect in visual discrimination tasks.
    • To explore potential neural and developmental differences underlying face recognition in macaques compared to humans.

    Main Methods:

    • Macaque monkeys were tested on simultaneous and concurrent visual discriminations involving faces.
    • Transfer tests were used to assess learning and recognition with upright versus inverted face stimuli.

    Main Results:

    • No significant difference in performance was observed between upright and inverted face stimuli.
    • Macaque monkeys did not display an inversion effect in the studied visual discrimination tasks.

    Conclusions:

    • The absence of a face inversion effect in macaques suggests they may not possess the same specialized, orientation-dependent face recognition mechanism as humans.
    • Hypothesized factors include macaques' precocious development, smaller cortical size, and less pronounced hemispheric specialization, which may inhibit the maturation of such a mechanism.

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