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Tree shrew (Tupaia) herpesviruses

G Darai, H G Koch, R M Flügel

    Developments in Biological Standardization
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Five Tupaia herpesviruses (THV) were identified, with four isolated from lymphomas and liver disease in tree shrews. These THV strains exhibit distinct genomic profiles and varying pathogenicity in juvenile Tupaias, with some causing latent infections and thymic tumors in rabbits.

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    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Comparative Pathology
    • Animal Models

    Background:

    • Five Tupaia herpesviruses (THV) have been identified to date.
    • THV-1 was isolated by Melnick et al., while THV-2, 3, 4, and 5 were isolated in this laboratory.
    • Isolates originated from various Tupaia tissues, including lymphoma, spleen, and liver, with THV-5 from a healthy animal.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize newly isolated Tupaia herpesviruses (THV-2 to 5).
    • To compare the biological properties and genomic features of five THV strains.
    • To assess the pathogenicity and latency of THV in Tupaia and rabbit models.

    Main Methods:

    • Isolation and propagation of THV on Tupaia embryonic fibroblasts.
    • Restriction enzyme analysis for genomic characterization.
    • Pathogenicity studies in juvenile Tupaias via intravenous and intraperitoneal inoculation.
    • Latency studies in Tupaias and rabbits, with virus recovery from spleen cultures.
    • Induction of thymic hyperplasia and thymoma in rabbits by THV-2 and THV-3.

    Main Results:

    • Five THV isolates (THV-1 to 5) were successfully propagated and cloned.
    • Restriction enzyme analysis clearly distinguished the genomes of the five THV isolates.
    • THV-1 to 4 demonstrated high pathogenicity (100% lethality) in juvenile Tupaias via intravenous inoculation, with 25% lethality via intraperitoneal administration.
    • THV-1 to 4 established latent infections in Tupaias and rabbits, with infectious virus recoverable from spleen cultures.
    • THV-2 and THV-3 induced thymic hyperplasia in rabbits, with some cases progressing to malignant thymoma.

    Conclusions:

    • The five Tupaia herpesviruses are distinct based on genomic analysis.
    • THV-1 to 4 are highly pathogenic to juvenile Tupaias, establishing latent infections.
    • THV-2 and 3 can induce thymic tumors in rabbits, suggesting oncogenic potential.
    • The biological and genomic characteristics of THV do not align with existing herpesvirus subfamilies.

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