Theophylline toxicity in a neonate

Area of Science:

• Neonatal Medicine
• Pharmacology
• Pediatric Endocrinology

Background:

• Preterm infants often experience apnea of prematurity.
• Theophylline is a common treatment for apnea of prematurity.
• Neonates are susceptible to metabolic disturbances.

Observation:

• One twin in a pair of preterm twins received theophylline at 2 mg/kg per day for apnea.
• This twin subsequently developed episodes of hyperglycemia.
• Glycosuria was also observed concurrently.

Findings:

• Theophylline administration was associated with hyperglycemia in a preterm infant.
• Theophylline treatment led to glycosuria, indicating impaired glucose regulation.
• This suggests a potential adverse effect of theophylline on glucose metabolism in neonates.

Implications:

• Neonates treated with theophylline require vigilant monitoring for hyperglycemia and glycosuria.
• This finding highlights the importance of assessing glucose metabolism in preterm infants receiving theophylline.
• Further research may be warranted to elucidate the mechanism of theophylline-induced hyperglycemia.