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Selenium in livestock production: a review
Journal of the South African Veterinary Association
|December 1, 1982
Summary
Selenium, once known for toxicity, is now recognized for preventing livestock liver necrosis. This review covers its soil-plant dynamics, biochemistry, and essential roles in animal nutrition.
Area of Science:
- Agricultural Science
- Animal Nutrition
- Environmental Chemistry
Background:
- Selenium's historical perception as a toxic element.
- 1957 discovery: selenium supplementation prevents liver necrosis in rats.
- Importance of understanding selenium's dual nature in biological systems.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the literature on selenium's role in livestock.
- To consolidate information on selenium's occurrence, metabolism, and functions.
- To assess selenium requirements and toxicity thresholds in livestock.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review.
- Synthesis of data on soil-plant selenium dynamics.
- Analysis of biochemical pathways and metabolic fate of selenium.
Main Results:
- Selenium occurs in soils and is taken up by plants, influencing dietary content.
- Detailed biochemistry and metabolism of selenium in animals are elucidated.
- Interactions with other nutrients and elements are identified, affecting requirements and toxicity.
Conclusions:
- Selenium is an essential trace element for livestock, crucial for preventing diseases like liver necrosis.
- Understanding selenium bioavailability, metabolism, and interactions is key to optimizing livestock health and preventing toxicity.
- Further research into optimal supplementation strategies and regional variations in soil selenium is warranted.