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Gas viscosity effects in anesthesia

C S Jones

    Anesthesia and Analgesia
    |March 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Anesthetic gas viscosity affects ventilator volumes. Using nitrous oxide as a carrier gas increases delivered volumes, but this effect diminishes with spontaneous patient breathing. Calibration with a nitrous oxide-oxygen mix is recommended.

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    Area of Science:

    • Anesthesiology
    • Respiratory Physiology

    Background:

    • Carrier anesthetic gases passing through ventilators can alter delivered ventilating volumes.
    • The physical properties of anesthetic gases, such as viscosity and density, may influence mechanical ventilation.
    • Understanding these effects is crucial for accurate and safe mechanical ventilation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of anesthetic gas viscosity on ventilating volumes delivered by a Bird anesthetic machine.
    • To determine if the carrier gas composition affects delivered volumes during automatic versus spontaneous ventilation.
    • To provide recommendations for safer anesthetic gas calibration.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental and clinical studies were conducted using a Bird anesthetic machine.
    • A nitrous oxide-oxygen blender was used as the carrier gas source.

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  • A Wright gas-volume meter measured delivered ventilating volumes.

    • Main Results:

    • When nitrous oxide was the primary carrier gas during automatic ventilation, delivered volumes increased despite unchanged machine settings.
    • The observed increase in ventilating volumes was attributed to the higher viscosity of oxygen compared to nitrous oxide.
    • This viscosity-related volume alteration disappeared when the ventilator was synchronized with the patient's spontaneous respiratory efforts.

    Conclusions:

    • Anesthetic gas viscosity significantly impacts delivered volumes during mechanical ventilation.
    • The observed phenomena are explained by the differing viscosities of oxygen and nitrous oxide.
    • Calibrating vaporizers and ventilators with a 3:1 nitrous oxide-oxygen mixture is suggested for improved patient safety.