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Immunologic studies in schizophrenic and control subjects

J R Bergen, L Grinspoon, H M Pyle

    Biological Psychiatry
    |June 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Schizophrenia may involve an autoimmune component, as immunoglobulin G (IgG) from patients induced abnormal brain waves in monkeys. However, control IgG also showed effects, challenging the autoimmune hypothesis

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Immunology
    • Psychiatry

    Background:

    • Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder with unknown etiology.
    • Heath et al. proposed an autoimmune basis for schizophrenia, suggesting antibodies target brain cells.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the autoimmune hypothesis of schizophrenia by testing immunoglobulin G (IgG) fractions from patients and controls in a primate model.
    • To replicate and extend Heath's findings on abnormal electroencephalographic (EEG) activity induced by schizophrenic IgG.

    Main Methods:

    • Immunoglobulin G (IgG) fractions were isolated from the blood of acutely ill schizophrenic patients and healthy control subjects.
    • These IgG fractions were injected into the cerebrospinal fluid of rhesus monkeys.
    • EEG recordings were taken from specific brain regions (caudate nucleus, septal area) in monkeys following injections, under double-blind conditions.

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    Main Results:

    • Positive EEG abnormalities were observed in monkeys injected with IgG fractions from 29 out of 107 samples from schizophrenic patients.
    • Positive EEG abnormalities were also observed in monkeys injected with IgG fractions from 6 out of 80 samples from control subjects.
    • The rate of positive reactions was significantly higher for schizophrenic IgG compared to control IgG (p < 0.001).

    Conclusions:

    • The study partially supports Heath's findings, confirming that IgG fractions from schizophrenic patients can induce abnormal EEG activity in monkeys.
    • The presence of positive effects from control IgG fractions contradicts Heath's claim of exclusively observing effects with patient IgG.
    • The findings highlight limitations in the autoimmune hypothesis for schizophrenia, particularly the difficulty in demonstrating specific circulating antibodies using standard methods.