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Infanticide and fertility among Eskimos: a computer simulation

M Chapman

    American Journal of Physical Anthropology
    |August 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Eskimo female infanticide beliefs about fertility are supported by lactation research. Computer simulations show Eskimo populations could survive 30% female infanticide, with higher rates attributed to observational bias.

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    Area of Science:

    • Anthropology
    • Demography
    • Biology

    Background:

    • Historically, some Eskimo groups practiced female infanticide, believing it increased male births for hunting.
    • Inferred infanticide rates of up to 66% led to concerns about population extinction.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the demographic impact of Eskimo female infanticide on population survival.
    • To reconcile ethnographic beliefs with biological principles of human reproduction.

    Main Methods:

    • Computer simulation modeling Eskimo population dynamics.
    • Analysis of fertility, lactation, and age-specific sex ratios.

    Main Results:

    • Eskimo populations can sustain up to 30% female infanticide and remain viable.
    • Cessation of lactation post-infanticide shortens birth intervals, supporting population survival.
    • Higher reported infanticide rates may stem from ethnographic overestimation of juvenile female age.

    Conclusions:

    • Eskimo infanticide practices, while potentially high, were likely sustainable.
    • Ethnographic data requires careful interpretation alongside biological and demographic modeling.

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