Isolation of spore specific allergens from Alternaria

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Mycology
• Allergology

Background:

• Alternaria alternata is a common airborne mold.
• Exposure to A. alternata can trigger allergic respiratory diseases.
• Understanding its allergenic components is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify and characterize specific antigens from Alternaria alternata spores.
• To compare spore-specific antigens with those found in mycelia.
• To assess the allergenic potential of spore-specific fractions.

Main Methods:

• Preparation of extracts from A. alternata spores and mycelia.
• Analysis using Crossed Immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) and isoelectric focusing.
• Isolation of spore-specific antigens via solid phase immunoadsorption.
• Evaluation of patient reactivity using Radioallergosorbent Test (RAST) and skin tests.

Main Results:

• A. alternata extracts contain at least 40 antigens; commercial extracts show variability.
• Eight spore-specific antigens were identified, absent in mycelia extracts.
• A potent, isolated spore-specific fraction demonstrated strong antigenicity and allergenicity.
• Approximately 50% of A. alternata-sensitive patients showed higher reactivity to spore/spore-specific antigens than mycelia antigens.

Conclusions:

• A. alternata contains minimum of eight spore-specific antigens, with at least one being a potent allergen.
• Spore-specific antigens contribute significantly to allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.
• Distinguishing between spore and mycelia antigens may improve diagnosis and immunotherapy for A. alternata allergy.