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Developmental patterns of visually handicapped children

J Reynell

    Child: Care, Health and Development
    |September 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Visually handicapped children show developmental delays compared to sighted peers, particularly after 10-12 months. Early intervention is crucial for children with visual impairments.

    Area of Science:

    • Developmental Psychology
    • Pediatrics
    • Ophthalmology

    Background:

    • Visual impairment significantly impacts child development.
    • Understanding developmental trajectories is key for early intervention.
    • The Reynell-Zinkin scale provides a framework for assessing developmental milestones.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To comparatively analyze developmental patterns in blind, partially sighted, and fully sighted children.
    • To identify specific developmental areas affected by visual handicap.
    • To determine the age at which developmental divergence becomes apparent.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparative study using the Reynell-Zinkin developmental scale.
    • Assessment across five developmental domains: social adaptation, sensori-motor understanding, environmental exploration, verbal comprehension, and expressive language.

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  • Longitudinal observation of children from infancy through early childhood.

    • Main Results:

    • Sighted children began to surpass visually handicapped children in most developmental areas around 10-12 months of age.
    • The developmental gap widened as children aged, especially with the emergence of abstract thought.
    • Partially sighted children demonstrated developmental advantages over blind children.

    Conclusions:

    • Visual handicap leads to significant developmental delays and altered developmental patterns.
    • The degree of visual impairment influences the extent of developmental differences.
    • Intensive early support is essential for visually handicapped children to mitigate developmental deficits.