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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Nerves: Plexus II01:21

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The plexuses of the lower body include the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses, which innervate the abdomen, pelvis, legs, and coccygeal region. These plexuses control the transmission of sensory information and coordinate motor functions of the lower body.
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The neuronal supply to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is essential for regulating various functions, including digestion, absorption, and movement of food. This intricate network of nerves is known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), often referred to as the "second brain" of the body.
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Cranial Nerves: Types Part I01:14

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Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
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Cranial Nerves: Types Part II01:22

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Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves. While the first six innervate the head and neck, the latter six nerves innervate the head and neck, as well as organs and tissues in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. They facilitate communication, expression, and autonomic control within the human body.
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Spinal Nerves: Anatomy01:23

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Spinal nerves are pivotal conduits in the nervous system, bridging the central nervous system (CNS) with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). These nerves enable a complex communication network between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, facilitating sensory input, motor output, and autonomic functions.
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Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

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Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Transconjunctival Approach for Injection into the Rat Optic Nerve
02:33

Transconjunctival Approach for Injection into the Rat Optic Nerve

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Metrizamide optic nerve sheath opacification

V M Haughton, J P Davis, G J Harris

    Investigative Radiology
    |July 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Metrizamide is safe for the optic nerve sheath, with no signs of arachnoiditis observed in cats after a single exposure. Histologic analysis confirmed minimal disruption, even with simulated orbital lesions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Neuroradiology
    • Histopathology

    Background:

    • The safety of metrizamide in the optic nerve sheath is not well-documented.
    • Optic nerve sheath lesions can mimic orbital tumors and trauma.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the safety and histologic effects of metrizamide on the optic nerve sheath.
    • To assess the risk of arachnoiditis following metrizamide administration.

    Main Methods:

    • Histologic examination of feline optic nerves with surgically created lesions.
    • Radiographic analysis of metrizamide-opacified optic nerve sheaths.
    • Evaluation of metrizamide concentrations up to 300mg I/ml.

    Main Results:

    • Metrizamide administration allowed for radiographic detection of optic nerve sheath displacement, compression, and disruption.
    • No significant histologic changes indicative of arachnoiditis were observed.
    • The safety of metrizamide was confirmed in the context of simulated orbital pathologies.

    Conclusions:

    • A single exposure to metrizamide at concentrations below 300mg I/ml is unlikely to cause arachnoiditis of the optic nerve sheath.
    • Metrizamide can be used to visualize optic nerve sheath abnormalities radiographically.