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Rubella in Jerusalem. 1. Seroepidemiologic findings in children born after the 1972 rubella epidemic

M Isacsohn, S Harlap, M Nishmi

    Israel Journal of Medical Sciences
    |September 1, 1978
    PubMed

    Insights

    A severe rubella epidemic led to a study of 969 babies. Over 21% showed antibodies, indicating a significant risk of congenital rubella infection, highlighting the need for vaccination.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatrics
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • A significant rubella epidemic occurred prior to vaccine availability in Israel.
    • Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) poses severe risks to newborns.
    • Understanding the seroprevalence of rubella antibodies in infants post-epidemic is crucial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the serologic evidence of congenital rubella infection in infants born after a major rubella epidemic.
    • To estimate the incidence of congenital rubella infection in the affected birth cohort.
    • To inform public health strategies regarding rubella prevention and control.

    Main Methods:

    • Serologic testing of 969 infants at eight months of age using hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody titers.
    • Clinical diagnosis of congenital rubella cases at birth and up to eight months.
    • Correlation of maternal rubella history with infant seropositivity.

    Main Results:

    • 21.9% of infants (208/969) were seropositive for rubella antibodies (titer ≥ 1:16).
    • Congenital rubella was diagnosed in 7 infants at birth and 14 by eight months.
    • Late-onset signs of rubella developed in two infants considered normal at eight months.
    • Maternal rubella during pregnancy was clinically recognized in less than 3% of seropositive infants' mothers.
    • Estimated serologic evidence of congenital rubella infection ranged from 8.1% to 21.9%.

    Conclusions:

    • The study indicates a substantial burden of congenital rubella infection following the epidemic, with significant serologic evidence in infants.
    • The findings underscore the importance of rubella vaccination programs, especially for women of childbearing age.
    • Continued surveillance and immunization efforts are essential to prevent future congenital rubella cases.

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