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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2026

DNA Fingerprinting of Mycobacterium leprae Strains Using Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) - Fragment Length Analysis (FLA)
09:39

DNA Fingerprinting of Mycobacterium leprae Strains Using Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) - Fragment Length Analysis (FLA)

Published on: July 15, 2011

The changing pattern of laryngeal tuberculosis

A M Hunter, J W Millar, A J Wightman

    The Journal of Laryngology and Otology
    |April 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Laryngeal tuberculosis, though rare, now mimics cancer symptoms. Early diagnosis via chest X-ray and sputum analysis is crucial for effective antitubercular chemotherapy.

    Area of Science:

    • Medicine
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Otolaryngology

    Background:

    • Laryngeal tuberculosis (LTB) is uncommon in the UK, unlike in the pre-chemotherapy era.
    • Historically, LTB presented with advanced pulmonary tuberculosis and was highly infectious.
    • Current LTB cases exhibit symptoms similar to laryngeal carcinoma, notably painful dysphagia.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report a series of ten cases of laryngeal tuberculosis.
    • To describe the changing clinical presentation of LTB.
    • To highlight diagnostic and management strategies for LTB.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective case series analysis of ten LTB patients.
    • Review of clinical presentations, diagnostic methods, and treatment outcomes.

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    Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

    Published on: September 5, 2017

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    Last Updated: Jul 26, 2026

    DNA Fingerprinting of Mycobacterium leprae Strains Using Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) - Fragment Length Analysis (FLA)
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  • Comparison with historical data from the pre-chemotherapy era.

    • Main Results:

    • LTB now presents atypically, resembling laryngeal carcinoma, with painful dysphagia as a key symptom.
    • Chest X-ray and sputum analysis for tubercle bacilli are essential initial investigations.
    • Laryngeal involvement is now more commonly due to hematogenous spread than direct airway spread.
    • Sputum is frequently positive for tubercle bacilli; laryngoscopy and biopsy are vital for diagnosis.
    • LTB is no more infectious than pulmonary tuberculosis and responds well to chemotherapy.
    • Combination therapy with corticosteroids leads to rapid symptom resolution (within three weeks).

    Conclusions:

    • Laryngeal tuberculosis requires a high index of suspicion due to its altered presentation.
    • Prompt investigation including chest imaging and sputum analysis is critical.
    • Antitubercular chemotherapy, potentially combined with corticosteroids, is an effective treatment.
    • The shift towards hematogenous spread influences the disease's presentation and infectivity.