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Changes in articular eminence morphology with dental function

R J Hinton

    American Journal of Physical Anthropology
    |April 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) changes throughout adulthood, influenced by dental function and tooth wear. These TMJ alterations vary across human groups based on their diet and chewing patterns.

    Area of Science:

    • Anthropology
    • Human Biology
    • Paleontology

    Background:

    • The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is crucial for mastication.
    • Understanding TMJ morphology can reveal insights into diet and function across populations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate how dental function and tooth wear affect TMJ morphology in diverse human populations.
    • To determine if TMJ alterations differ based on subsistence strategies and oral function.

    Main Methods:

    • Measurements of mandibular fossa depth and articular eminence slope were taken from human skeletal samples.
    • Samples represented hunter-gatherers, agriculturalists, and early 20th-century populations.
    • Analysis correlated TMJ morphology with functional age (tooth wear) and tooth loss.

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    Main Results:

    • In some groups, TMJ depth and slope increased with tooth wear, then plateaued or decreased.
    • Other groups showed decreased TMJ depth and slope with wear, particularly with molar loss.
    • Tooth loss significantly impacted TMJ morphology, resulting in shallower fossae and gentler slopes.

    Conclusions:

    • The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) undergoes continuous morphological changes in adulthood.
    • Dental function and tooth wear are primary mediators of these TMJ alterations.
    • Distinct patterns of TMJ modification exist among human groups with different dietary and chewing habits.