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A learning disability screening program in a public school

P K Goldstein, J D O'Brien, G M Katz

    The American Journal of Occupational Therapy : Official Publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association
    |July 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study outlines a screening program for identifying learning disabilities in young students. Early identification of neurophysiological immaturity is crucial for children at risk.

    Area of Science:

    • Educational Psychology
    • Developmental Psychology
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Learning disabilities affect a significant number of children.
    • Early identification and intervention are critical for academic success.
    • Existing screening methods vary in effectiveness and scope.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a comprehensive screening program for learning disabilities in public school settings.
    • To evaluate the effectiveness of standardized measures and clinical observations in identifying at-risk children.
    • To explore the underlying factors contributing to learning disabilities in early grades.

    Main Methods:

    • A screening program combining four standardized tests (WPPSI Information Subtest, SEARCH, Evanston Early Identification Scale, Bender-Gestalt) and six Ayres-based clinical observations.

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  • Testing of 43 kindergarten and first-grade students (25 males, 18 females).
  • Factor analysis to identify prevailing factors within the screening measures.
  • Main Results:

    • Approximately 10% of students were identified as high risk for learning disabilities.
    • Children identified as high risk did not consistently perform at the same risk level across all measures.
    • Factor analysis revealed three primary factors: cognitive abilities, fine motor control, and reflex integration.
    • Neurophysiological immaturity emerged as an important factor to assess.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed screening program effectively identifies children at risk for learning disabilities.
    • A multi-faceted approach combining standardized tests and clinical observations is valuable.
    • Assessing cognitive abilities, fine motor skills, and reflex integration, alongside neurophysiological maturity, provides a robust framework for early identification.