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Autoregulation of retinal circulation in response to decrease of perfusion pressure

C E Riva, S H Sinclair, J E Grunwald

    Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
    |July 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Retinal vascular autoregulation maintains blood flow during elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Studies show the retina compensates for perfusion pressure drops up to 36% before leukocyte flow visibly slows.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Physiology
    • Vascular Biology

    Background:

    • The retina's autoregulation is crucial for maintaining stable blood flow despite changes in intraocular pressure (IOP).
    • Understanding the limits of this autoregulation is vital for diagnosing and managing ocular conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the autoregulation of retinal circulation during acute elevations in intraocular pressure (IOP).
    • To determine the maximum IOP at which retinal blood flow is maintained.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the blue field entoptic phenomenon to visualize leukocyte flow in macular capillaries.
    • Subjects compared leukocyte speeds in both eyes while IOP was acutely elevated in one eye.
    • Determined the maximum IOP (IOPmax) at which equal leukocyte speeds were perceived.

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    Main Results:

    • Subjects perceived slower leukocyte flow when IOP was elevated beyond autoregulation limits.
    • The average IOPmax was 29.6 +/- 2.0 mm Hg.
    • This corresponds to a minimum perfusion pressure (P min) of 27 +/- 6 mm Hg, indicating autoregulation compensates for up to a 36% decrease in perfusion pressure.

    Conclusions:

    • Retinal vascular autoregulation effectively compensates for significant decreases in perfusion pressure.
    • The blue field entoptic phenomenon is a viable method for assessing retinal autoregulation in vivo.