[Technical expedient in the case of phrenic stimulation complicating an epicardial pacemaker]
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Updated: Sep 8, 2026

10:05
Testing the Efficacy of Pharmacological Agents in a Pericardial Target Delivery Model in the Swine
Published on: July 7, 2016
Minerva Medica
|July 31, 1981
Abstract:
In the event of abnormal stimulation of the phrenic nerve with diaphragm contractions, a possible complication in carriers of pacemakers with epicardial electrodes, interposition of an insulating lamina in the pericardial lead between electrodes and pericardium is proposed. This expedient has been adopted in a case followed up over an 8 year period and can protect the phrenic nerve from pacemaker stimuli and resolve the complication simply and lastingly.

