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Summary
Tanning salons use UVB rays, known for causing sunburn and potentially cancer. UVA rays, while less understood, also pose skin and eye risks. Cosmetic tanning is not harmless.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Photobiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Suntan salon franchises rapidly increased in the US starting in 1978.
- An estimated 1,000 to 2,000 tanning salons currently operate in the US.
- Two main types of tanning units exist: UVB and UVA.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the health hazards associated with artificial tanning using UVB and UVA radiation.
- To inform the public and healthcare professionals about the risks of cosmetic tanning.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on tanning bed technology and associated health risks.
- Analysis of the specific wavelengths emitted by UVB and UVA tanning sources.
- Examination of documented adverse effects, including skin and eye damage.
Main Results:
- Common tanning beds utilize UVB fluorescent sources emitting injurious wavelengths (290-320 nm).
- UVB rays are responsible for sunburn (erythema) and are considered carcinogenic under experimental conditions.
- UVA rays, prevalent in Europe, contribute to photosensitized reactions, augment UVB injury, damage blood vessels, and can cause lenticular (eye) injury.
Conclusions:
- Cosmetic tanning, whether through UVB or UVA exposure, is not a safe practice.
- The carcinogenic and injurious potential of UVB radiation is established.
- Further research is needed to fully clarify UVA hazards, but current evidence indicates significant risks.