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The Swedish methadone maintenance program: a controlled study

L M Gunne, L Grönbladh

    Drug and Alcohol Dependence
    |June 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) significantly improves rehabilitation rates for heroin addicts. MMT led to a 76% success rate, compared to 6% in untreated individuals, reducing drug abuse and improving employment.

    Area of Science:

    • Addiction Medicine
    • Psychiatry
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Intravenous heroin abuse is a significant public health issue.
    • Long-term heroin addiction is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates.
    • Effective treatment strategies for heroin addiction are crucial for rehabilitation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the effectiveness of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in treating intravenous heroin addicts.
    • To compare rehabilitation and employment rates between MMT patients and an untreated control group.
    • To assess the impact of MMT on morbidity and mortality in heroin addicts.

    Main Methods:

    • A randomized controlled trial involving 34 intravenous heroin addicts (aged 20-24 years) with 4-8 years of abuse history.

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  • Participants were assigned to either MMT (17) or an untreated control group (17).
  • Outcomes including drug abstinence, employment, and mortality were assessed over a 2-7 year follow-up period.

    • Main Results:

    • After two years, 70.6% of MMT patients achieved abstinence and employment, versus 5.9% in controls.
    • Over 2-7 years, the MMT program achieved a 76% rehabilitation rate (gainfully employed and drug-free).
    • The untreated group had a 6% rehabilitation rate, with significant mortality (4 deaths) and morbidity (3 potentially fatal diseases).

    Conclusions:

    • Methadone maintenance treatment is highly effective in rehabilitating intravenous heroin addicts.
    • MMT significantly reduces drug abuse, improves employment prospects, and lowers mortality and morbidity rates.
    • The study supports MMT as a critical intervention for managing heroin addiction.