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Alloimmunization in two multitransfused patient populations

S M Coles, H G Klein, P V Holland

    Transfusion
    |July 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Alloimmunization frequency was studied in sickle cell disease (SCD) and thalassemia patients. Rh antibodies were most common, but overall alloimmunization rates did not significantly differ between the two groups.

    Area of Science:

    • Transfusion Medicine
    • Immunology
    • Hematology

    Background:

    • Multitransfused patients, including those with sickle cell disease (SCD) and thalassemia, are at risk for alloimmunization.
    • Understanding alloimmunization patterns is crucial for optimizing transfusion strategies and preventing adverse reactions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine and compare the frequency of alloimmunization in multitransfused patients with SCD and thalassemia.
    • To identify the types of antibodies produced in these patient populations.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective study of 318 unselected patients with available transfusion records.
    • Categorization into two groups: 157 patients with SCD and 161 patients with thalassemia.
    • Analysis of detected antibodies and their specificities in transfused patients from each group.

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    Main Results:

    • In 99 transfused SCD patients, 44 antibodies were detected in 23 patients, predominantly Rh antibodies (anti-rh"(E), anti-rh'(C), anti-rh'w(Cw)).
    • In 39 transfused thalassemic patients, 6 antibodies were detected in 4 patients, including anti-Kell, anti-Rho (D), anti-rh'(C), anti-rh'w(Cw), and anti-Fya.
    • No significant difference in alloimmunization frequency, total antibodies, or Rh antibodies was observed between transfused SCD and thalassemic patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Alloimmunization occurs in both sickle cell disease and thalassemia patients, with Rh antibodies being most prevalent.
    • Despite differing transfusion histories, the overall rates of alloimmunization and antibody profiles do not significantly vary between these two multitransfused populations.