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Changes of the peripheral autonomic nervous system in altered internal environment
Abstract:
The effect of indirect reversible or irreversible environmental changes of a target organ on its innervation and the adaptation capacity and mechanisms of the peripheral autonomic nervous system were studied in experimental models such as acute and chronic CCl4 poisoning, ligature of the common bile duct and partial hepatectomy. Organospecific changes were found to be accompanied by characteristic changes of the peripheral autonomic nervous system. In the acute, tissue-destructive stage innervation is impaired. The liver possessing a reduced number of nerve fibres responds to noradrenaline with a reaction different from denervation hypersensitivity. This impaired innervation was termed as neurally desaturated. In the compensated phase of organospecific changes the transformed tissue functional units acquire a newly formed innervation. Adaptation of nerves happens by changes in innervation pattern and the amount of fibres. It is concluded that the experimentally altered internal environment transforms the target organ, which, in turn, can be regulated only by an adequately altered control unit. This latter, the peripheral autonomic nervous system, carries out this alteration by the formation of new nerves the growth of which is not guided by a preformed Schwann-cell network.
Insights
Environmental changes alter organ innervation, impacting the peripheral autonomic nervous system. The study reveals that nerves adapt by forming new connections, even without pre-existing support cells, to regulate transformed organs.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Organ Physiology
- Autonomic Nervous System Research
Background:
- The peripheral autonomic nervous system (PANS) regulates target organs.
- Environmental changes can induce reversible or irreversible alterations in target organs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of organ-specific environmental changes on PANS innervation.
- To explore the adaptation capacity and mechanisms of the PANS in response to organ transformation.
Main Methods:
- Experimental models including CCl4 poisoning, bile duct ligature, and partial hepatectomy.
- Analysis of organospecific changes and corresponding alterations in PANS innervation.
- Characterization of nerve fiber changes and responses to neurotransmitters.
Main Results:
- Organospecific changes are consistently associated with characteristic PANS alterations.
- During acute tissue damage, innervation is impaired, termed 'neurally desaturated'.
- In compensated phases, new innervation forms in transformed tissue units, adapting through pattern and fiber amount changes.
Conclusions:
- Experimentally altered internal environments transform target organs.
- The PANS adapts its control mechanisms by forming new nerves, independent of preformed Schwann cell networks.
- Adequately altered PANS is crucial for regulating transformed target organs.