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Nutritional deficiencies in pregnancy

W Kübler

    Bibliotheca Nutritio Et Dieta
    |January 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study investigated vitamin levels in pregnant women, finding critical deficiencies in thiamine and vitamin B6 during early pregnancy and vitamin A in later stages. Low maternal vitamin levels, particularly thiamine, vitamin A, and B6, correlated with lower birth weights.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Nutritional Science
    • Maternal Health

    Background:

    • Assessing biochemical supply parameters during pregnancy is crucial for maternal and fetal health.
    • Understanding vitamin and nutrient status in pregnant populations informs public health strategies.
    • Previous research highlights the importance of specific vitamins during gestation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the biochemical supply of fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins in pregnant women across different trimesters.
    • To establish critical supply ranges for vitamins based on a large cohort of pregnant women.
    • To explore correlations between maternal vitamin status and pregnancy outcomes, including birth weight.

    Main Methods:

    • Biochemical analysis of vitamin levels (carotenoids, tocopherols, retinal, thiamine, B6, A, riboflavin, C) in approximately 2,000 pregnant women.
    • Comparison of pregnant women's vitamin levels with blood donors and supplemented pregnant women.
    • Statistical analysis of correlations between maternal vitamin status and birth weight in 800 pregnancies, controlling for confounding factors.

    Main Results:

    • Higher concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins observed in later pregnancy stages.
    • Increased percentages of pregnant women in critical supply ranges for thiamine and vitamin B6 during the 1st trimester.
    • Significantly higher percentages of women with insufficient vitamin A, thiamine, and vitamin B6 in the 3rd trimester.
    • Preliminary evidence suggests low thiamine (1st trimester) and vitamin A/B6 (3rd trimester) impact birth weight.
    • Elevated plasma retinol levels strongly correlated with low birth weights.

    Conclusions:

    • Specific vitamins, including thiamine, vitamin B6, and vitamin A, show critical deficiency risks during different pregnancy stages.
    • Maternal vitamin status, particularly in early and late pregnancy, appears to influence fetal growth and birth weight.
    • Further investigation into iron and folacin status is warranted, as these were not assessed in this study's supply parameters.

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