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Phagocytosis and complement action

W Bredt, M Kist, E Jacobs

    Israel Journal of Medical Sciences
    |July 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Pathogenic mycoplasmas can directly activate the complement system, leading to cell damage and death. They also resist phagocytosis unless opsonized by antibodies, highlighting their unique immune evasion strategies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Microbiology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Pathogenic mycoplasmas possess unique characteristics, including a lack of cell walls and tight adherence to host cells, influencing their interaction with the host immune system.
    • Nonspecific defense mechanisms, such as complement and phagocytes, play crucial roles in combating microbial infections.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the interaction of pathogenic mycoplasmas with key components of the host's innate immune system, specifically the complement system and phagocytes.
    • To elucidate the mechanisms by which mycoplasmas evade or modulate these defense mechanisms.

    Main Methods:

    • In vitro studies examining the direct effects of complement on mycoplasma cell membranes.
    • Analysis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae's ability to activate complement pathways (alternative and classical).

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  • Observation of mycoplasma-phagocyte interactions, including phagocytosis resistance and antibody-dependent engulfment.

    • Main Results:

    • Mycoplasmas can directly activate the complement cascade, leading to cell lysis and death, potentially via both alternative and classical pathways without host antibodies.
    • Mycoplasma pneumoniae activates complement, causing cell rounding, opsonization, and death, which may explain its superficial localization in respiratory tract infections.
    • Mycoplasmas exhibit resistance to phagocytosis unless opsonized by antibodies, and their adherence to host cells complicates phagocytic clearance and raises concerns about secondary tissue damage.

    Conclusions:

    • The direct activation of complement by mycoplasmas is a significant innate immune evasion strategy, contributing to early infection stages and superficial colonization.
    • Antibody-dependent opsonization is critical for effective phagocytosis of mycoplasmas, but interactions with host cells present challenges for phagocytic clearance and may lead to host tissue damage.