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Arrests before and during methadone maintenance

C L Bowden, J F Maddux, M Esquivel

    The International Journal of the Addictions
    |August 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Methadone maintenance modestly reduced criminal behavior in heroin addicts, particularly property crimes like burglary and theft. However, reductions in other offenses were less significant, suggesting varied impacts on different crime types.

    Area of Science:

    • Addiction Medicine
    • Criminology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • The impact of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) on criminal behavior is debated.
    • Previous studies face methodological limitations, creating ambiguity in findings.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To precisely evaluate the effect of methadone maintenance on criminal behavior.
    • To compare arrest records before and after MMT admission in a cohort of heroin addicts.

    Main Methods:

    • Compared official police arrest records for 100 heroin addicts.
    • Analyzed criminal charges for one year prior to MMT admission versus one year after.
    • Excluded vagrancy charges due to changes in police practices.

    Main Results:

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    • Overall criminal charges decreased from 189 to 129.
    • A 14% reduction in criminal charges was observed after excluding vagrancy.
    • A significant 40% decrease in burglary and theft arrests occurred.
    • Arrest frequencies correlated with employment and treatment continuation.

    Conclusions:

    • Methadone maintenance shows a modest reduction in overall criminal behavior.
    • The reduction is most pronounced in property crimes.
    • MMT has an insignificant effect on crimes not directly linked to narcotic addiction.