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A study of bone remodeling using metal-polymer laminates

J A Szivek, G C Weatherly, R M Pilliar

    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
    |November 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Stiffer metal-polymer plates caused significant bone resorption in canine femurs. Bone remodeling occurred extensively when plate stiffness exceeded 70 GPa (axial) and 6 N m2 (flexural).

    Area of Science:

    • Biomaterials Science
    • Orthopedic Surgery
    • Bone Physiology

    Background:

    • Stress-shielding is a phenomenon where implanted medical devices bear excessive load, leading to bone resorption.
    • Understanding the relationship between implant stiffness and bone remodeling is crucial for orthopedic implant design.
    • Previous studies have explored bone adaptation to implants, but precise stiffness thresholds for remodeling remain debated.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of varying metal-polymer composite plate stiffness on bone remodeling in a canine femur model.
    • To determine the critical stiffness thresholds (axial and flexural) that induce significant stress-shielding and subsequent bone resorption.

    Main Methods:

    • Metal-polymer laminated fixation plates with controlled stiffness were implanted onto canine femurs.

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  • Plate stiffness was modulated by adjusting the metal-to-polymer thickness ratio.
  • Bone ingrowth and remodeling were assessed after a six-month implantation period, focusing on periosteal and endosteal surfaces.

    • Main Results:

    • Higher stiffness composite plates led to observable bone resorption on both periosteal (lateral plates) and endosteal (medial plates) surfaces.
    • Extensive bone remodeling was noted in canine femurs implanted with plates exceeding approximately 70 GPa (axial stiffness).
    • Significant bone remodeling also occurred with flexural stiffness exceeding 6 N m2.

    Conclusions:

    • Implant stiffness significantly influences bone remodeling, with higher stiffness promoting stress-shielding and resorption.
    • The study identifies specific axial and flexural stiffness thresholds that trigger substantial bone remodeling in canine femurs.
    • These findings have implications for designing orthopedic implants that minimize adverse bone remodeling.