[CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) in breast cancer. Clinical value]

The investigation of clinical markers, i.e. substances produced and released by tumours, has been encouraged by the need for early diagnosis to increase the chances of successful treatment, and for biological parameters indicative of the progress of the disease itself. A study designed to appraise the usefulness of tumour-associated antigens in this respect in cases of breast cancer has been in operation for about 3 years at Oncological Service of the 2nd Obstetric and Gynaecological Clinic, University of Rome. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) values in 71 patients in the initial stages and with metastases followed for 24 months are presented. CEA levels are related to tumour stage, progression, and prognosis. High values appear to be associated with diffusion of the disease: 48% in initial cases; 69% in advanced cases. CEA is specific for this type of tumour. Even so, high values give an effective expression of its progress by identifying patients with a greated likelihood of recurrence. It is particularly useful as an early indication of recurrence itself. In addition, it is of assistance in monitoring the progress of treatment.