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Epidemiologic characteristics of necrotizing enterocolitis: a population-based study

R Wilson, W P Kanto, B J McCarthy

American Journal of Epidemiology

|December 1, 1981

Summary

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) disproportionately affects Black infants and those with low birth weight. This serious infant condition had a 38.5% fatality rate in Georgia during 1977-1978.

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Area of Science:

Neonatalogy
Pediatric Epidemiology
Public Health

Background:

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal emergency in neonates.
Prematurity and low birth weight are primary risk factors for NEC.
Racial disparities in NEC incidence and outcomes require investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the epidemiologic characteristics of NEC in Georgia infants born in 1977-1978.
To analyze incidence rates by birth weight and race.
To assess the case fatality ratio and its relation to birth weight and race.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 148 NEC cases in Georgia infants (1977-1978).
Calculation of incidence rates based on birth weight categories and race.

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Comparison of case fatality ratios across different demographic groups.

Main Results:

Highest NEC incidence was observed in infants weighing 751-1000 g at birth.
Black infants had a significantly higher NEC incidence rate (1.6/1000) compared to white infants (0.5/1000).
The overall case fatality ratio was 38.5%, with no significant racial difference.

Conclusions:

Low birth weight and Black race are significant risk factors for NEC.
NEC contributed to 15% of post-neonatal deaths in infants ≤1500 g.
Extrapolated US data suggests thousands of NEC cases and hundreds of deaths annually.