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Interactions between the jaw-opening reflex and mastication

J P Lund, S Rossignol, T Murakami

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

|July 1, 1981

Summary

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Electrical stimulation of the jaw-opening reflex in rabbits shows that stimulus strength and timing during mastication significantly alter reflex responses. Stronger stimuli during jaw closing inhibit jaw-closing muscles, impacting masticatory cycle structure.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Physiology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

The jaw-opening reflex (JOR) plays a crucial role in mastication.
Understanding how external stimuli modulate this reflex during different phases of the masticatory cycle is essential for comprehending jaw motor control.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the phase-dependent modulation of the jaw-opening reflex during mastication in rabbits.
To determine the effect of stimulus intensity on the reflex response during different phases of the masticatory cycle.

Main Methods:

Electrical stimulation of the anterior hard palate or upper lip in urethane-anesthetized rabbits.
Recording of digastric electromyogram (EMG) activity during mastication.
Comparison of reflex response amplitudes during masticatory phases with control responses.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

Weak stimuli markedly reduced JOR amplitude during mastication, especially during inactive (closing/occlusal) phases.
Increasing stimulus strength enhanced the JOR during the closing phase, exceeding control and jaw-opening phase values.
Strong stimuli altered masticatory cycle length, muscle activity duration/amplitude, and effectively inhibited jaw-closing activity and reduced closure velocity/amplitude in a phase-dependent manner.

Conclusions:

Cyclical gain changes of the JOR to noxious stimuli are largely controlled by premotoneuronal mechanisms.
The overall effect of electrical stimulation on masticatory cycle structure is phase-dependent, with stimuli during closing being particularly influential.