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Diacetoxyscirpenol toxicity in pigs

G A Weaver, H J Kurtz, F Y Bates

    Research in Veterinary Science
    |September 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) mycotoxin exposure in pigs caused oral and intestinal lesions, reduced feed intake, and weight gain. The no-effect level for DAS was determined to be less than 2 ppm.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Toxicology
    • Animal Nutrition
    • Mycotoxicology

    Background:

    • Mycotoxins, such as diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi that can contaminate animal feed.
    • Exposure to mycotoxins can lead to significant health issues and economic losses in livestock production.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the toxicological effects of purified diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) in growing pigs.
    • To determine the dose-response relationship and identify the no-effect level of DAS exposure.

    Main Methods:

    • Growing pigs were fed diets containing 0, 2, 4, 8, and 9 ppm of purified DAS for up to nine weeks.
    • Clinical signs, gross lesions, and microscopic changes in 19 tissues were evaluated.
    • Feed consumption, weight gain, and hematological parameters were monitored.

    Main Results:

    • Pigs exposed to DAS developed multifocal proliferative lesions in the gingiva, buccal, and lingual tissues, along with glandular and mucosal hyperplasia in the small intestine.
    • Statistically significant decreases in ration consumption and weight gain were observed at all DAS levels (P < 0.05).
    • Total feed refusal occurred at 10 ppm DAS, while hematological parameters and serum enzyme levels remained unaffected.

    Conclusions:

    • Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) causes significant oral and intestinal lesions and impairs growth performance in pigs.
    • The no-effect level for DAS in growing pigs' rations was determined to be less than 2 ppm.

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