Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 9, 2026

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
Published on: May 16, 2025
Abstract:
Endonasal sinusectomy is one of the most useful operations for treatment of chronic sinusitis. A previous study by the author on the incidence of complications of sinusectomy revealed that injuries to the base of the skull occurred in 0.15% and acute meningitis in 0.01% in a total of 450,000 sinus operations performed in Japan. In the present study a close observation of 17 (34 sides) skull specimens by the operating microscope revealed five major dangerous areas in the roof of the ethmoid sinus where anatomical structures present unusual vulnerability to injury during operations because of dehiscences and bony defects. The author found frequent bony dehiscences, where submucous connective tissue was in direct contact with the dura mater and also unusual structure of intimate adhesions between the bone and connective tissue of the dura mater. It is stressed that utmost care should be used in the operation of the ethmoid sinus and that microscopic surgery is a useful means for meticulous surgery and for prevention of side injuries.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
Overview of the Skull
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
Cranial Bones: Lateral View
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Sutures of the Skull
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Nose and Nasal Cavity

