[Sudanese kala-azar in West Africa (author's transl)]

Report of a case of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis in an european boy living in Upper-Volta and whose brother had a merely cutaneous form of the disease. Comments on the role of personnal susceptibility, environment and arthropod vectors. In each given area would it exist a special type of leishmania related to the local vectors and which would give various clinical forms according to a second degree ecological system associating man and parasite.