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[Distribution, species composition and toxicological characteristics of Fusarium fungi isolated from corn]
Abstract:
Studied were the occurrence and species composition of microscopic fungi of the Fusarium genus in maize, and the results are given of testing the toxicity of these fungi for chick embryos. A total of 357 strains of Fusarium fungi were isolated from 800 maize samples. Thirty-nine per cent of the sampled material accounted for the presence of F. moniliforme, 4,5--per cent--for that of F. graminearum, and 0.5 per cent--for that of F. culmorum. Most toxic for chick embryos proved F. graminearum. Less toxic was F. moniliforme, and least toxic--F. culmorum.
Insights
Fusarium fungi commonly contaminate maize, with Fusarium graminearum being the most toxic species to chick embryos, followed by Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium culmorum.
Area of Science:
- Agricultural Science
- Mycology
- Toxicology
Background:
- Maize is a staple crop susceptible to fungal infections.
- Fusarium species are known plant pathogens and can produce mycotoxins.
- Understanding Fusarium contamination in maize is crucial for food safety.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence and species diversity of Fusarium fungi in maize.
- To assess the toxicity of isolated Fusarium strains using a chick embryo model.
Main Methods:
- Isolation and identification of Fusarium species from 800 maize samples.
- Quantification of Fusarium species: F. moniliforme, F. graminearum, and F. culmorum.
- Toxicity testing of fungal isolates on chick embryos.
Main Results:
- 357 Fusarium strains were isolated from maize.
- Fusarium moniliforme was present in 39% of samples, F. graminearum in 4.5%, and F. culmorum in 0.5%.
- Fusarium graminearum exhibited the highest toxicity to chick embryos, followed by F. moniliforme, and then F. culmorum.
Conclusions:
- Fusarium contamination is prevalent in maize, with F. moniliforme being the most common species.
- Fusarium species vary significantly in their toxicity, with F. graminearum posing the greatest risk.
- These findings highlight the importance of monitoring Fusarium contamination in maize for potential health risks.