Permanent cardiac pacing in Malaysia. An update

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Medical Device Technology
• Public Health

Background:

• Permanent cardiac pacing is a critical intervention for bradyarrhythmias.
• Previous data from 1968-1977 indicated a lower incidence of pacemaker insertions in Malaysia.
• Understanding current trends and outcomes in cardiac pacing is essential for healthcare planning.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present updated data on permanent cardiac pacing in Malaysia from 1976-1980.
• To analyze changes and continuities in patient demographics, indications, and outcomes compared to earlier periods.
• To evaluate the safety and efficacy of epicardial lead implantation techniques.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of 75 patients who underwent permanent pacemaker insertion between 1976 and 1980.
• Comparison of current data with findings from a previous study (1968-1977).
• Focus on implantation approach (subxiphoid epicardial leads) and associated complications.

Main Results:

• Annual incidence of pacemaker insertion increased significantly to approximately 20 cases (1976-1980) compared to the previous 8 years (21 total cases).
• Patient characteristics (presentation, age, sex) and indications for pacing remained largely consistent with earlier findings.
• Low complication rates were observed, with only 4 patients requiring lead replacement during the study period.

Conclusions:

• Permanent cardiac pacing utilization has increased in Malaysia.
• The subxiphoid epicardial lead implantation approach is associated with a low complication rate.
• Cost remains a significant factor in pacemaker selection, necessitating careful consideration.