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Scanning electron microscopy and human sperm pathology

B Baccetti, T Renieri, P Soldani

    Scanning Electron Microscopy
    |January 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) effectively identifies common human sperm defects, including tail and head abnormalities. This technique aids in diagnosing various sperm malformations, offering clear visual diagnostic capabilities.

    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Biology
    • Cell Biology
    • Medical Diagnostics

    Background:

    • Human sperm morphology is crucial for fertility.
    • Certain sperm malformations are linked to specific underlying structural defects.
    • Advanced microscopy techniques can reveal subtle cellular abnormalities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in identifying common human sperm malformations.
    • To correlate SEM observations with the inner structural defects of abnormal spermatozoa.
    • To establish SEM as a diagnostic tool for sperm abnormalities.

    Main Methods:

    • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine human spermatozoa.
    • Morphological features of various sperm defects were analyzed.

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  • SEM findings were related to known inner structural and genetic defects.

    • Main Results:

    • SEM clearly identified "straight tailed", "empty tailed", "short tailed", and "round headed" spermatozoa.
    • Axonemal defects, including "9+0", "arm less", and "axoneme less" configurations, were associated with tail abnormalities.
    • "Double" spermatozoa were consistently observed in individuals with high prolactin levels.
    • Spermatozoa from aged individuals exhibited characteristic morphological changes.

    Conclusions:

    • SEM is a valuable tool for diagnosing most common human sperm abnormalities.
    • The technique provides clear visualization of defects related to axonemal structure, acrosome, and overall morphology.
    • SEM aids in understanding the structural basis of sperm malformations.