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Related Concept Videos

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
Introduction to Electrolytes01:33

Introduction to Electrolytes

In humans, electrolytes play a vital role in various physiological processes. Balancing electrolyte levels is essential for normal body functions; their imbalance can be life-threatening. The major electrolytes include sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonate. They are primarily involved in physiological processes, such as nerve signal transmission, membrane trafficking, muscle contraction, buffering body fluids, and balancing water levels in the body.
Role of Sodium
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Bile01:19

Bile

Bile is a crucial bodily fluid, characterized by its yellow-green color and alkaline nature. Produced in the liver, it is transported through the common hepatic duct into either the cystic duct, leading to the gallbladder, or directly into the common bile duct. The flow of bile is regulated by the sphincter of Oddi located at the entrance of the duodenum. When this sphincter is closed, bile is redirected to the gallbladder for storage and concentration.
Bile is released when dietary fats enter...
Roles of Electrolytes: Chloride and Bicarbonate01:29

Roles of Electrolytes: Chloride and Bicarbonate

Chloride ions contribute to the osmotic pressure gradient distinguishing the intracellular fluid (ICF) from the extracellular fluid (ECF). They counterbalance positively charged ions in the ECF and ensure its electrochemical stability. The renal system's process of chloride absorption and release generally mirrors that of sodium ions.
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Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate01:27

Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate

Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Preparation of Pancreatic Acinar Cells for the Purpose of Calcium Imaging, Cell Injury Measurements, and Adenoviral Infection
10:39

Preparation of Pancreatic Acinar Cells for the Purpose of Calcium Imaging, Cell Injury Measurements, and Adenoviral Infection

Published on: July 5, 2013

Ionised calcium in pathological human bile

D J Sutor, L I Wilkie, M J Jackson

    Journal of Clinical Pathology
    |January 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study measured ionized calcium in bile using an automated system. Results show a strong correlation between ionized and total calcium levels in patients with gallstones.

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    Cytosolic Calcium Measurements in Renal Epithelial Cells by Flow Cytometry
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    Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport

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    Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

    Preparation of Pancreatic Acinar Cells for the Purpose of Calcium Imaging, Cell Injury Measurements, and Adenoviral Infection
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    Preparation of Pancreatic Acinar Cells for the Purpose of Calcium Imaging, Cell Injury Measurements, and Adenoviral Infection

    Published on: July 5, 2013

    Cytosolic Calcium Measurements in Renal Epithelial Cells by Flow Cytometry
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    Published on: October 28, 2014

    Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport
    08:42

    Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport

    Published on: November 27, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Medical Diagnostics

    Background:

    • Gallstones are a common condition.
    • Calcium plays a role in bile composition and gallstone formation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To measure ionized calcium concentrations in human bile.
    • To investigate the relationship between ionized calcium and total calcium in bile.

    Main Methods:

    • An automated ion-selective electrode system was employed.
    • Bile samples were collected from patients undergoing cholecystectomy for gallstones.
    • Ionized calcium and total calcium levels were quantified.

    Main Results:

    • Ionized calcium in bile ranged from 0.63 to 1.73 mmol/l.
    • Total calcium concentrations varied from 1.35 to 10.93 mmol/l.
    • A highly significant positive correlation (r = 0.97) was observed between ionized and total calcium.

    Conclusions:

    • Automated measurement of ionized calcium in bile is feasible.
    • Ionized calcium levels in bile are strongly correlated with total calcium.
    • These findings may contribute to understanding calcium's role in gallstone disease.