Sparganosis: clinical and pathologic observations in ten cases

Area of Science:

• Parasitology
• Infectious Diseases
• Dermatology

Background:

• Sparganosis is a parasitic infection caused by Spirometra tapeworm larvae.
• It typically affects subcutaneous tissues and has been rarely reported, mainly in the Southeastern United States.
• Cases often present as a solitary subcutaneous mass, mimicking neoplastic conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report ten new cases of sparganosis.
• To investigate the likely route of human infection.
• To highlight the diagnostic challenges posed by sparganosis.

Main Methods:

• Case reporting of ten patients with sparganosis.
• Patient questionnaires to determine exposure history.
• Clinical and pathological review of subcutaneous masses.

Main Results:

• Ten additional cases of sparganosis were identified, predominantly presenting as single subcutaneous masses.
• Patient data suggested that ingestion of impure water is the most probable transmission route.
• The clinical presentation frequently led to confusion with cancerous growths.

Conclusions:

• Sparganosis is an underreported parasitic infection in the United States.
• Contaminated water consumption is a significant risk factor for human sparganosis.
• Sparganosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of subcutaneous masses, especially in endemic areas.