Diagnostic contribution of bladder washing and multiple biopsies in bladder cancers

The superior diagnostic contribution of bladder washing as compared to routine urinary cytology was demonstrated in a prospective study. Random mucosal biopsies of normal-looking mucosa taken at the time of treatment or of the first control cystoscopy revealed the presence of multiple cancerous or precancerous lesions in a variety of patients. The heterogeneity of bladder cancer had to be recognized for adequate follow-up and treatment.